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March 21, 2007

Reggae, Ska, Rocksteady and Dub


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Reggae Upright Bass In episode eight, the Soul Captives show host Kevin Seal how to bubble and skank. They lay out the differences between bluebeat, ska, rocksteady, early reggae, roots reggae, and dub, while providing historical context. Guitarist and Pandora engineer Vic Wong mixes a live dub session for us, after he and organist (and pianist and Pandora music analyst) Ray Jacildo, drummer Jayme Arredondo, and bassist Mark Allen-Piccolo (pictured) perform in a variety of Jamaican rhythmic feels. (10 min.)

Click through to the next page to hear examples from the original Jamaican artists, to see session photos, and to view the lingo and slang talked about in the episode.



MUSICAL TERMS INCLUDED IN THIS PODCAST

Bubbling Bluebeat Behind the beat Reggae
Skanking Rocksteady Laying back Skank
Ska Spring reverb Toasting / toasters DJ (the Reggae definition of DJ)
Sound system Rude boys Dub Tape delay


ReggaeOrgan.JPG

In this shot, Ray Jacildo is "bubbling" on a vintage Lowrey organ.
ReggaeDrums.JPG

Drummer Jayme Arredondo is playing on the rim of the snare drum to get that shorter, brighter, more metallic sound.
ReggaeLiveMixing.JPG

Here, guitarist Vic Wong is creating a live dub. He is playing the console as an instrument by muting and unmuting tracks, adding delay and spring reverb, and altering the tones of the rhythm instruments in realtime.


EARLY SKA (1960-1965)

by Millie (Millie Smalls)

by Don Drummond

by Prince Buster

by Bob Marley and the Wailers

by Lord Tanamo


ROCKSTEADY AND RUDEBOY MUSIC (1966-1968)

by the Techniques

by Desmond Dekker

by Phyllis Dillon

by the Paragons


EARLY REGGAE (1969-1974)

by the Upsetters

by Tony Tribe

by the Bleechers

by Toots and the Maytals

by Harry J. All Stars

by Toots & the Maytals


ROOTS REGGAE (1975-1980s)

by Junior Murvin

by the Wailing Souls

by Don Carlos

by Black Uhuru

by Dennis Brown

by Freddie McGregor


DUB

by Lee "Scratch" Perry

by Scientist

by King Tubby

by the Upsetters


TOASTING AND THE GREAT REGGAE DJ'S

by U-Roy

by Dennis Alcapone

by Yellowman

by Dillinger

by Lone Ranger

by Billy Boyo

Comments

Superb Podcast guys. I learned about the spring reverb on the drums. I never knew that's what they were doing.

Posted by: Jeff Anthony at March 21, 2007 12:57 PM

Thanks, man! Yeah, the spring reverb was new to me, too.

And to everybody else, if you haven't already, go check out Jeff's podcasts -- Drums & Drumming, Parts I & II.

Posted by: Kevin Seal at March 21, 2007 01:28 PM

Great series. I listened to all 8 episodes today, but I had to download the episodes. Clicking "Listen Now" changes the button to yellow, but I don't hear any audio. Also, the Reggae episode cuts off at 7:37. I look forward to listening to the next episode. Thanks!

Posted by: John David at March 21, 2007 05:28 PM

Sweet jams. It gets me in the mood for spring, even though I listen to reggae, dub and ska year round!

Posted by: Jane at March 22, 2007 08:10 AM

I like the podcast series very much, but in fact I found this episode quite a bit harder to follow than the previous ones. Lots of narration going on, something constantly playing in the background, and not enough time to understand the distinctive features of each style. The salsa podcast, for example, was much clearer in this regard.

Posted by: Dmitry Jemerov at March 22, 2007 12:50 PM

Just a technical comment: this podcast is not available yet for the download with iTunes, 2 days after the release!
You're doing an excellent work, guys! I've never found something so accurate and interesting in any magazine!

Posted by: Luca at March 23, 2007 11:40 AM

very cool stuff!! i had no idea some electronica influences came from dub..

Posted by: Sarah at March 24, 2007 07:35 AM

One more cry for the podcast feed to be updated with the newest ep.

Posted by: Random at March 24, 2007 02:00 PM

Just to add to what Luca said, it's now 5 days and this podcast is still not available on iTunes. Additionally, 'The Basics of Vocal Harmony' and 'Pedal Point' podcasts refuse to download (on my machine, at least).

I resent having to manually download and unzip the MP3! :)

Posted by: Clifton at March 25, 2007 01:41 AM

Sorry, guys... I'm as annoyed as you are. I have no idea why iTunes isn't showing the Reggae episode. The RSS feed got updated on Wednesday, and I pinged both Feedburner and iTunes as soon as I updated the feed.

Looking at it again. I can't figure out what's wrong.

Clifton, those other two podcasts won't download in iTunes, or from the Pandora site?

Posted by: Kevin Seal at March 25, 2007 01:17 PM

Kevin, looking at the podcast feed, the feed info for latest ep doesn't have any enclosure information in it- iTunes is seeing the feed perfectly, I'd guess, but the feed isn't pointing at any new MP3, so iTunes, lacking a new file to download, looks like it's doing nothing.

If you have someone coding by hand, it's a straightforward fix. If not, I'd suggest just redoing the whole process, you've been fine until now and probably hit a glitch that will be corrected with a redo.

Looking forward to the next ep.

Posted by: Bryan at March 26, 2007 07:04 PM

The feed is now fixed. Your iTunes should see the new episode. (Thanks, Neil!)

Posted by: Kevin Seal at March 27, 2007 04:13 PM

Hearing the history of the music blew my mind. It makes perfect sense to see the developments progress in context. Really good stuff! Keep it up! [and, yes, I have written my congressman about the RIAA/licensing issue]

Posted by: Randy Peterman at March 28, 2007 08:30 AM

Thank you, Randy -- and if you're unfamiliar with the RIAA/licensing issue Randy mentioned, please read this:

http://blog.pandora.com/pandora/archives/2007/03/more_on_the_cop.html

Posted by: Kevin Seal at March 29, 2007 12:09 PM

Interruption of sound and music

Posted by: Gulbar at March 30, 2007 07:22 AM

Excellent! Great to hear the genres broken down like this with the explnations as to what is going on structurally. I don't have much knowledge of the architecture of the sounds, so your aural examples help to define what was just an intuitive sense.

I linked to you from my podcast as well!

Posted by: algoriddim at April 1, 2007 09:24 AM

Thanks, Algoriddim!

Gulbar, where was the sound being interrupted?

Posted by: Kevin Seal at April 1, 2007 01:12 PM

your serie is realy great! congratulation!!! Could you increase the numbers probably weekly, that would be great!

Posted by: rene at April 3, 2007 06:16 AM

Excellent! Great information but I have to say that for you to suggest that hip-hop came from reggae is wrong. Black men come from many different cultures in the US. Reggae is but one of them. My roots stem into jazz,reggae, Latin, etc and I was brought up hearing all of these progressions, rhythms, and music. We are a very diversified people. The same for Salsa, the rhythm of the Son originated in the African culture then spread through the different African tribes as they scattered throughout the world. Great podcast though! Keep up the great works!

Posted by: abemeister at April 3, 2007 11:05 AM

Hi, Abemeister. I wasn't suggesting that hip-hop came exclusively from reggae, merely that reggae was one of many influences that helped shape the development of that music. The toasting and talking over records, which Jamaican DJs did a lot of in the early- to mid-70s, certainly helped inspire some of the innovating hip-hop artists. Many of those dub production methodologies were inspirational as well. But yes, I agree, Jamaican music is only one of many cultural influences on hip-hop.

You've checked out our Salsa episode as well, I hope?

Posted by: Kevin Seal at April 4, 2007 01:34 PM

ah, but then again, ain't most modern genres a mixture of previous genres? :)


somehow, i just kept having an impression of how weird it might sound to have an upright electric double bass, weird in a cool way.

keep the pods coming! :)

Posted by: saklas at April 10, 2007 10:50 PM

RE: Reggae's influence on Rap...

I know I'd get in trouble for that one. Perhaps "evolved into hip hop" is a strong choice of words.

I think it's undeniable that Jamaican music had a big influence in American hip hop music, but to suggest that hip hop is 100% derived from dub and DJs is definitely not what I wanted to convey.

As with all genres of music, elements are borrowed from a wide variety of sources. My point was that Jamaican music in particular has been highly influential on some of our modern pop genres, something that I hope more people become aware of.

Regardless of how we might feel about them, lots of famous artists these days like Gwen Stefani, Lily Allen, and Amy Winehouse are really adapting the classic Jamaican styles in a more direct way.

I find this really quite amazing, since early Jamaican styles were so heavily influenced by American pop music. It's an ongoing cross-cultural musical conversation.

Posted by: Vic at April 12, 2007 03:41 PM

I really appreciate the historical break down. I was transported back to being four years old and listening to the music my parents played. I see where my experiences fit into a world oriented perspective. And I like the cultural circuit within this hemisphere. I am first American born generation of my Jamaican family and I have always been unsettled about being referred to as American. But now the term's meaning has been broadened for me. Thanks

Posted by: simona at April 15, 2007 10:18 PM

Cheers. Happy to hear it, Simona.

Posted by: Kevin Seal at April 16, 2007 10:43 AM

thoroughly enjoyed this presentation. as a jamaican, i appreciate your informed presentation on the history of our music.one on dancehall would be lovely.

Posted by: nastweeti at April 26, 2007 04:25 PM

THIS STATION IS IRIE. I CAN LISTEN FROM ROCK STEADY TO OLD HIT THERE NO OTHER STATION LIKE PANDORA. LISTEN MY BROTHERS YOU RUN THINGS SCEN!!! WHAT A RAS WAY TO START OFF YOUR DAY IT JUST LIKE I'M AT ME YARD!!!!!!! BIG UP TO YOU

Posted by: LETA MIDDLETON at May 2, 2007 08:36 AM

fantastic from top to bottom. Vic and the gang are amazing.

Posted by: sean droid at May 10, 2007 03:31 PM

Agreed. Yay Vic, Yay Ray, Yay Soul Captives.

Posted by: Kevin Seal at May 18, 2007 10:57 AM

Hi, excellent site, added to favorites!
Thank you!

Posted by: bmwqhb at May 22, 2007 06:56 PM

You guys are awesome.

Posted by: Marcel at May 29, 2007 11:40 PM

Thanks, Marcel.

Posted by: Kevin Seal at May 31, 2007 10:43 AM

Interesting, who knew my boy lollipop was early SKA, guess my favorites woulda been 50's ragae, but really enjoyed hearing early ragae too, and some rocksteady. cool pod for make ya wana get up and move music. ssrb

Posted by: Sunshine/Rainbow at June 4, 2007 05:41 PM

That was just well beyond great. I loved the whole session and description of all instruments used. I'm going to download this and let all my friends listen. They all seem to think that only Bob Marley (as good as he is) and Sean Paul exist. Not so. Its waaaayy deeper than them two. I thank you all for the lesson and look forward to the future lessons.
THANK YOU!!

Posted by: Robin at June 13, 2007 08:51 AM

Awesome, Robin. Happy to hear that.

I love being able to tell people, "If you like Sean Paul, you might really get into ______." And I love it when people can do the same for me.

Posted by: Kevin Seal at June 19, 2007 11:09 AM

The reggae/hip-hop connection:

Really, you can actually make a very strong case that rap evolved more directly from reggae, given that Kool Herc, the Bronx DJ generally credited in most rap histories as the "father" of hip-hop mc'ing, was a Jamaican emigrant who undoubtedly was simply bringing his experience of Jamaican toasting to the Bronx scene. See here for a little more detail:
http://www.oldschoolhiphop.com/artists/deejays/kooldjherc.htm

There's not a direct line, of course, and nothing involving African-American culture is free of diverse and politically fraught influences. But that's what makes the results so unique. Word.

Posted by: Bob Timm at June 22, 2007 08:01 AM

Absolutely great work! Please check my Ska, Rock Steady and Reggae Podcast http://melodies-of-war.podomatic.com


(Already in the early days there`ve been DJs and versions aren`t typical for Roots!

Posted by: Melodies of War at June 28, 2007 04:27 AM

Right on, Bob, and thanks, Melodies (of War).

And way to reference the great Kool Herc -- thanks for the link. Great information on there.

Posted by: Kevin Seal at July 19, 2007 11:56 AM

this music is the best man!!1 i love pandora so kool. don't get tire of it keep lit man this *%^$ is good.. skapunk and reggae in the lungs love it

Posted by: Luis at August 22, 2007 02:07 PM

Great stuff here, really a pleasure to read :)

Posted by: Nick at September 19, 2007 12:01 AM

Right on, right on. Luis, Nick, happy to hear it.

Posted by: Kevin Seal at October 25, 2007 12:36 PM

Ska Female Voices
"Bellisimas y Fuertes"

Sr Boisterous
Se complace en compartir con tod@s ritmos motivadores que sugieren y con aire fresco nos dan movimiento y vida.

Podran apreciar los mas variados estilos kon raices Jamaiquinas x las orquestas mas particulares que con sus idiomas, notas, voces o mensaje de barrios semejantes o no matienen la llama del Ska mundial prendida!

Aparte de traernos al mundo,amarnos y cuidarnos,son capaces de todo,inclusive de hacer grandes canciones!

Salud!

1)*BEGO�A BANG MATU "THE LIES" (ESPA�A)
2)*STAN OR ITCHY "POCO LOCO" (ZUIZA)
3)*PROYECTO SECRETO "OLVIDA TODO"
(CHILE-BELGICA)
4)*THE LIQUIDS "YOU'RE THE ONE" (FRANCIA)
5)*TREMENDE "LA BUMBA MAGICA" (ITALIA)
6)*CALAMITIES "ARE YOU THERE" (ALEMANIA)
7)*RED SOUL COMMUNITY "THAT GROOVE" (ESPA�A)
8)*SKAPHONICS "THEY WILL BE SAINTS" (ALEMANIA)
9)*THE PEPPER POTS "MY LITTLE GIRL" (ESPA�A)
10)*K-MOB "FISTFUL OF SATISFACTION"(ALEMANIA) 11)*TOXICTUNA "CERCAMI"(ITALIA)
12)*VIBRAMENTO "CUANDO" (ARGENTINA)
13)*DUBISTRY "ROLL AWAY"(EEUU)

Edita Produce Y Distribuye
OTHER HISTORY RECORDS
Mastering : Mario Siperman en el Loto Azul estudios Sep 07.
Dibujos & Dise�o grafico:Wilson Pedrasa


Escuchalo en:

myspace.com/skafemalevoices

Posted by: boisterous at October 27, 2007 04:38 PM

Alas, too much spam, gotta shut down the Q&A for a while... check back later, and it should be back up. Thanks.

Posted by: Kevin Seal at December 26, 2007 11:11 AM

 
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