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March 07, 2007
Pedal Point
In the seventh installment of our podcast, host Kevin Seal talks with Pandora music analyst Michelle Alexander about pedal point. Michelle and Kevin perform live examples, and explore the ways that composers from Beethoven to Pete Townshend to Prince have used this technique to build tension, create drama, or establish a feeling of triumph and joy. Take a peek under the hood with us and listen to Pedal Point (9 mins.)
On the next page, you can check out the audio examples, see the musical terms we're talking about, and check out session photos and other images of slash chords and organ pedals.
MUSICAL TERMS INCLUDED IN THIS PODCAST
| Organ pedal | Slash chords | Harmonic tension | |
| Circular riff | Tonal center | Harmonic resolution | |
| Tension and release | Inverted pedal | Ostinato | |
| Suspension | Drone | Ground bass |
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Check out Michelle's left hand. She's playing a bass octave on the note "A." Both her pinky and thumb are hitting A's. |
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Here's Kevin's foot on an organ pedal. The note that a bass pedal triggers can make quite a powerful sound if it's allowed to sustain. |
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Here is standard chord notation. Customarily, the bass would play a G, and the higher, chordal instruments (guitar or piano) would play a G7. |
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This is a type of notation frequently seen when pedal point is used. In this case, the bass would play A's, and the chordal instruments would play a G7, then an E minor. These are called "slash chords," and are described as "G7 over A" and "E minor over A." |
PEDAL POINT IN R&B AND POP
by Diana Ross |
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by the Dramatics |
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by Prince |
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by Prince & the Revolution |
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by Seal |
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by Michael Jackson |
PEDAL POINT IN ROCK
by The Who |
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by The Who (see also: nearly every song on Quadrophenia) |
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by The Who |
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by Yes |
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by Peter Gabriel |
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by Phil Collins |
PEDAL POINT IN ELECTRONICA
by Paul Van Dyk |
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by Aphex Twin |
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by Brian Eno & David Byrne |
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by Autechre |
METAL PEDAL
by Led Zeppelin |
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by Megadeth |
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by Judas Priest |
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by Motley Crue |
PEDAL POINT IN JAZZ
by John Coltrane |
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by Charles Mingus |
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by George Shearing (composed by A.C. Jobim) |
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by Don Ellis (composed by Eddie Harris) |
Comments
Nice work!
Is it called Pedal Point even it's a bass or other instrument playing the sustained note? Or only if it's a keyboard?
Posted by: Lucia at March 8, 2007 02:48 PM
Thanks! It is called Pedal Point whether the note is sustained on bass, tuba, keyboard, organ, or contrabass clarinet. Or any other instrument, for that matter.
Posted by: Kevin Seal at March 8, 2007 03:15 PM
Great Podcast. Some good information, I never knew the exact meaning of pedal point and you guys did a great job of clearing it up. It makes perfect sense now.
Can't wait for the next Podcast. Thanks.
Posted by: Joe at March 10, 2007 10:32 AM
Really nice Podcast, filled with good examples, and great explanations. Even a musician learn from your podcasts, so thanks a lot !
By the way, at a point of last podcast, you say that we will soon be able to listen to classical music on pandora. Just when ?
Cheers
Posted by: Thomas at March 11, 2007 09:32 AM
Thanks, Joe! Glad you liked it.
Thomas, I wish I could say an exact date for Pandora's classical debut, but we really just need to see how it develops. We do have a team of analysts working exclusively on classical music at this point, but since it's a brand-new genome -- different traits and characteristics from jazz or Latin music or hip hop, of course -- it will take a while to work out the kinks. Work is underway, though.
Posted by: Kevin Seal at March 14, 2007 06:17 PM
Hey Kevin and crew,
Just wanted to say thank you so much for the podcast series! Your mostly jargon-free, easy-to-understand approach is fun to listen to and has enabled me to explain my musical ideas to fellow musicians way better than I could have before. So, thanks and keep up the brilliant work!
Cheerio from snowy Germany
Posted by: Eddy at March 21, 2007 03:54 AM
Heh heh, it's always a challenge including just enough jargon. Cool that these have helped you explain your ideas to other musicians. That's what I like to hear.
Posted by: Kevin Seal at March 21, 2007 01:29 PM
Dear Kevin and Co.,
Another great job! It's amazing that songs I've listened to a thousands of times become fresh and new after your podcast now that I know more about the nuts and bolts, like the Who's Who Are You? Thanks for the wonderful podcasts that make all listeners feel welcome.
Barney
Sweden
Posted by: Barney at March 23, 2007 03:22 PM
Ah, so that is what pedal point is! I've been using it all the time in my songs to create tension before introducing the main melody and then resolve it by having the bass follow the melody.
Of course I didn't know any of that at the time, it just sounded good.
Posted by: Illusive Mind at March 25, 2007 07:14 PM
I love when that happens -- when I can identify a compositional technique that I've been using, and can now place it in a broader historical context.
And Barney, cool that you can hear some of those classic songs with a fresh ear. I love it when that happens, too.
Posted by: Kevin Seal at March 27, 2007 04:18 PM
Hi there,
first of all I really appreciate your work getting down to the bottom of things and simlifying everything so wnyone could understand it. I'm studying music and I find your podcasts really helpful. anyway, I had some problem. I downloaded the mp3 file about pedal points but when I play it it sounds as if I hit play and rewind on an old tape recorder. I'll be greatful if you can help me out and aend me the file.
Thanks.
Posted by: Shlomo Farber at April 1, 2007 12:22 PM
Hmmm... very odd that we've been getting reports of technical difficulties with this episode. I'm looking into what could be causing this. Thanks for your patience.
Posted by: Kevin Seal at April 1, 2007 01:16 PM
It's definitely fixed now, y'all. All systems go.
Posted by: Kevin Seal at April 25, 2007 04:23 PM
Thanks for fixing pedal point, it was worth waiting for. I grew up hearing organ church music and that may be why I luv gosple blues too, anyway I'll have to practice pedal point on the organ now and see what I can create. thanks ssrb
Posted by: Sunshine/Rainbow at May 21, 2007 04:54 PM
I turned a friend on to pandora she likes stacey orico (msp), anyway she also likes classic so she'll be looking forward to you adding that too.
Posted by: Sunshine/Rainbow at May 23, 2007 03:57 PM
Cool! Yeah, the organ is the perfect instrument for pedal point, as those low notes can really boom. Particularly the actual 'pedals.'
Posted by: Kevin Seal at May 31, 2007 10:44 AM
Wow. I had never known that, and had never even heard of it...
Thank you Pandora.
Posted by: Xack Brame at August 1, 2007 12:58 PM
I know you have 1 Phil Collins song on there, but Genesis gives solid pedal point examples as well. It just seems like hearing Phil Collins' voice and hearing the bass stay on the same note over changing chords goes hand in hand. Good example: "Throwing It All Away". "No Son of Mine" has really deep chord substitutions over a pedal bass as well.
Posted by: Dave at October 2, 2007 07:19 AM
Oh yeah, Genesis is ALL about pedal point, Dave. One of my favorite Genesis pedal points is on "Squonk," from the '76 record 'Trick Of The Tail.' Almost the whole song pedals over a D.
Posted by: Kevin Seal at October 25, 2007 12:37 PM
Music is life. Without music how could one live.I like to thank Pandora, you guys are number one. Thank you for giving life to my job everyday. Save the music; rock on,Play it loud
Posted by: san at March 31, 2008 11:38 PM
I had never known that, and had never even heard of it...
thank you
Posted by: مسجات at May 5, 2008 06:22 AM
Man, this is great! I hope you keep these blogs up for along time. I am a big fan of pedal point composition!
Posted by: mike m. at May 12, 2008 04:41 PM
Hello webmaster, very nice site here, great work!
TomasKell
Posted by: TomasKell at May 30, 2008 09:51 AM
This is fascinating. I'm always fascinated with the sheer passion music can give off, and this idea of 'pedal point' greatly interested me.
Although, I have to admit, if we try and make 'passion' or 'emotion' too technically I think it loses passion and emotion. In other words, there is still nothing like passion or emotion to make music emotional or passionate. Mixing true passion with things like pedal point, though, makes for a brilliant combination!
Posted by: rugs at June 3, 2008 09:12 AM



